PONDERING SCIENTISTS
(My comments in red bold font)
Mail correspondence with
Professor Dr. Pavel Kroupa of
Bonn University's Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AIfA).
Dear Pavel Kroupa, (and colleges)
I´ve just read this article:
and I want to give my feedback to you and
your colleges.
-
As a
Natural
Philosopher, using the best from Astronomy; Cosmology and Mythology,
I just want to express my natural views of Cosmos, and ask these
questions:
1. What if it´s all much more simple and the scientists just are
complicating everything by their hypothesis and equations?
2. What if the Newton and Einstein "laws of gravity" right out have
turned the understanding of Cosmos all upside down?
Arguments:
1. An example: It´s said that we have a "black hole" in the middle
of our galaxy, supposedly sucking all light and matter towards and
inwards the hole.
2. Now, what if the movement in the Milky Way is quite the opposite,
going outwards from the center? Looking closely to the structure of
a bar galaxy, the galaxy arms shows an abrupt 90 degree angle
movement close to the ends of the bar. This abrupt movement should
not be possible on an ingoing suction.
3. But if the movement is going outwards, this can easily be
explained with an early explosion in the pre-galactic molecular
cloud of gas and dust, first being accelerated into a compressing
whirl/whirls by some kind of star explosion in the surroundings of
the cloud.
4. When enough compressed and heated, the whirling cloud melts
complete together and explodes suddenly out, forming the bars - and
because of the still swirling center, the arms are formed at the
ends of the bar, moving further and further out from the center in
the spiral form.
5. Regarding the dwarf galaxy companions in the Milky Way galaxy,
this could also be very easily explained by an outgoing movement.
The original movement is swirling, naturally causing more swirls in
the surroundings, forming the companion dwarf galaxies.
6. The attached pictures could very well tell of an Ancient
knowledge of this creation, but in order to accept such a thing, we
have further difficulties than "just" scientifically understanding
the movements of Cosmos and "gravity" - then we also have to accept
the possibility of grasping the knowledge of Cosmos by pure
intuitive perception and even spiritual travelling in out of body
experiences.
7. Well, that just what Shamans all over the world is supposed to
have done - and I believe this fully because that´s just what I have
done myself some few times.
OK! If right:
1. The movement in our galaxy is going outwards.
2. There is no black hole in the middle of our galaxy. It´s just a
galaxy eye as in the Hurricane eye.
3. Everything in our galaxy is born right out from the center of our
galaxy. There´s still newborn stars in the middle.
4. Our Solar System is not created from a local pre-solar molecular
disc which "suddenly collapsed by gravity".
5. All Mythological stories and ancient symbols of Creation tells of
this movement going outwards from the center of our galaxy, being
"expelled OUT from the garden of Eden, leaving the the Tree of Life
in the middle", floating out on the 4 rivers (galaxy-arms) of Eden.
Conclusively "Gravitational matters":
1. "Planetary Gravity": The planets in our Solar System are balanced
by 2 main forces of which NONE are attracting. There is an outgoing
force from the Sun pushing the planets outwards in the solar system
- and the outgoing force from the galaxy center pushing outwards at
the Solar system. These 2 interactive forces creates the eccentric
orbit plane.
2. "Moon gravity": The Moon is not pulling on the Earth. The tidal
force is created by the Earth rotation, the orbital bowschock, and
the Sun pushing at the sea and the tidal waves changes when the Moon
periodically "shades" the Earth from the outgoing force from the
Sun.
3. "The Pioneer gravity anomaly": The braking effect originates from
the decreasing push from the Sun and the increasing push from the
center of our galaxy, when the spacecrafts leaves the Solar System
border, causing a braking force "in the direction of the Sun" as it
is said and written in many scientifically articles.
4. General "gravitational matters": The cosmic movements goes both
ways: Inwards and outwards. That is: "Gravity" goes both ways:
Infolding and outfolding of swirling masses, creating further local
swirls in both overall movements.
In the matter of galaxy creation, it´s just a question of judging
"the age" of an actual galaxy by either a barred structure with an
outgoing direction or a smooth inwards direction of the spiralling
arms in order to decides which way the movement goes in an actual
galaxy creation/age.
-
Pavel Kroupa, feel free to distribute this mail to all your colleges
if you judge the content to have some scientific interests. Please
include me in an eventually maillist if you do.
(Thinking on the big troubles of traditional scientifically problems
in Cosmology and Astrophysics, every new thoughts must be very
welcome in the scientific society and cannot be binned without some
further discussions, right?)
I´m looking very much forward to some reactions on this matter.
Kind Regards
Ivar Nielsen
Natural Philosopher
Telf. +4530427444
Weird dark stars dotted early universe
Monday, 10
December 2007 Larry O'Hanlon
Discovery News
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2007/12/10/2114342.htm
The first stars in the universe did not shine, but may have been dark
stars that looked like this (Source: University of Utah)
(There is nothing "first")
Related Stories
dark early stars The earliest stars in the universe may have been cool
expanses of helium and hydrogen, thick with dark matter and spitting
with antimatter. There even may be a few still around.
What some astrophysicists are calling 'dark stars' would have been
dominated by dark matter and could have existed for millennia in the
early universe, when dark matter was far more concentrated than today.
Some dark stars might have even survived to the present day.
What's more, these theoretical dark matter stars may be the secret
behind the giant black holes called quasars, which appear to have come
into existence before galaxies had a chance to create them.
That timing has never made much sense before.
The dark matter in these weird stars would have to be some kind of heavy
subatomic particle that only interacts with normal matter by tugging on
it with its gravity.
Such a substance is currently the most favoured hypothesis for the
nature of dark matter in the universe.
"The idea that the first stars could be this type is entirely new," says
Associate Professor Paolo Gondolo, an astrophysicist at the
University of Utah.
(It's just a cyclic creation
in a special stage on the observation time)
He and his colleagues are publishing their dark star theory in next
month's issue of the journal
Physical Review Letters.
Birth of a star
Without much dark matter, a star forms when a cloud of interstellar
hydrogen and helium gradually cools down, contracting into a smaller and
smaller space until it collapses into a hot ball of matter that can
ignite nuclear fusion and become a star.
(The form is already beyond
the state of "contraction" (Whirling force - Not Gravity) it's beginning
to reach the point of being a hot ball of matter and later on explode)
If there's too much dark matter around, as there would have been in the
early universe, that scenario might not work, says Gondolo.
The thicket of dark matter in the clouds of gas would cause some dark
matter particles to annihilate each other, which would possibly emit
antimatter electrons (positrons), gamma rays and heat.
"[The dark matter annihilation] puffs up the cloud and keeps it at about
the size of our solar system," says Gondolo.
(How can it "begin to
contract" and be "puffed up at the same time?)
Under such conditions, a regular star would have a hard time getting
started, he says.
But the vast, cool dark star could just continue puffing until it can no
longer annihilate dark matter or until it runs out of ordinary matter to
suck into it.
Or, Gondolo suggests, it could feed on massive amounts of matter, if
available, then collapse to form a supermassive black hole.
"This could explain why we see quasars at very high red shift," says
Gondolo, referring to the quasar black holes detected at very great
distances and therefore very far back in time.
Mysterious dark matter
The bottom line is that the potential dark stars and what they might
look like depends entirely on the nature of dark matter, which is
unknown.
"Different dark matter candidates could have different effects on early
star formation," says astrophysicist Professor Alexander Kusenko of the
University of California at Los Angeles.
By modelling the early effects and then looking for signs of those
effects in the distant universe, it might be possible to discover what
dark matter really is.
"This is clearly a good place to look for clues," Kusenko says.
Tags:
the-universe,
physics
Simple answer to dark mystery
Wednesday, 22 October 2008 Stephen Pincock
ABC
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/10/22/2396910.htm?site=science&topic=space
It's no coincidence that dark energy is beginning to dominate the
universe at a time when humans are here to witness it, suggest
researchers (Source: NASA)
Related Stories
Australian scientists have come up with a simple solution to one of the
deepest puzzles in our understanding of the cosmos - why life on Earth
coincides with a momentous shift in the makeup of the universe.
PhD student Chas Egan and Dr Charley Lineweaver from the
Australian National University
publish their solution to the so-called 'coincidence problem' this week
in the journal
Physical Review D.
The conundrum has its roots in the way the universe changes as it
expands, explains Egan.
Soon after the Big Bang, some 14 billion years ago, most of the energy
in the universe was in the form of heat. Later, as the universe cooled
and expanded, matter, such as stars and planets, became dominant.
(Just a theory, you know)
As the expansion continues, it is expected that "dark energy"-a
mysterious force that causes the expansion of the universe to
accelerate-will become most important.
Dark energy dominance
Over the past 10 years, observations of the universe have shown that the
expansion is accelerating, suggesting that the gradual transition from
the current matter-dominated phase to the dark-energy era is underway.
(when you're thinking dark -
everything goes dark)
"We're right on the cusp between the matter-dominated and dark
energy-dominated epochs," says Egan.
(Everything is in between Dark
and Light)
Astronomers have been puzzled why this shift is happening right now,
just when humans are here to observe it.
(the "shift" is going on all
the time!)
"When theorists see something like that, that indicates something
suspicious. It looks like a coincidence," says Egan.
Various efforts have been made to explain this coincidence problem over
the years, but none of the ideas raised have gained widespread
acceptance.
(Just because the scientist
right now is observing this, they state it as a coincidence. The point
of coincidence is between past and present and you have to look at the
Creation as something cyclic in stead of something coincidently happened
on a certain linear timeline i.e the Big Bang Bluff)
Now Egan and Lineweaver have taken a pragmatic approach, reasoning that
the only time in the history of the universe that it would be possible
for us to exist is around now - when stars have been formed, galaxies
coalesced and planets have been created for us to live on.
"It struck us that it's kind of silly to think that observers could have
occurred anywhere during the whole history of the universe," says Egan.
"If we are tied to terrestrial planets then we could not possibly have
observed the radiation era, and when the universe gets large and diffuse
and so on then we could not possible observe that late future either."
In an earlier paper, the researchers tested whether that principle was
strong enough to make the coincidence problem go away under the very
simplest model of dark energy.
"It was," says Egan.
Now they have shown that the effect is so strong that the coincidence
problem vanishes for any of the various explanations scientists have
proposed for dark energy.
"The results are important for the direction of dark energy research,"
Egan says.
"It means we can focus on other problematic aspects of dark energy with
some confidence that there is a reasonable explanation for the
coincidence problem, regardless of what dark energy turns out to be."
Tags:
astronomy-space,
telescopes,
the-universe
Newly discovered galaxy cluster in early stage of
formation is farthest ever identified.
http://www.today.uci.edu/news/release_detail.asp?key=1741
More than 11 billion light years away, galaxies illuminate evolution of
universe
Irvine, Calif., March 31, 2008
UC
Irvine scientists have discovered a cluster of galaxies in a very early
stage of formation that is 11.4 billion light years from Earth – the
farthest of its kind ever to be detected. These galaxies are so distant
that the universe was in its infancy when their light was emitted.
(No, the photo shows just a
molecular cloud being hit by an cosmic explosion which creates 2
swirls/vortices that separates and creates 2 Galaxies and it's just that
infancy the Astrophysics and Cosmologists are observing )
The galaxy proto-cluster, named LBG-2377,
is giving scientists an unprecedented look at galaxy formation and how
the universe has evolved. Before this discovery, the farthest known
event like this was approximately 9 billion light years away.
“When you observe objects this far away, you are actually seeing the
universe as it was a very long time ago,” said Jeff Cooke, a McCue
Postdoctoral Fellow in physics and astronomy at UCI and lead author of
this study. “It is as if a timeline is just sitting out there in front
of you. These galaxies represent what the universe looked like well
before the Earth existed.”
(The statement "as it was a
very long time ago" is confused by the fact that this formation is "on
it's beginning" to become (2) Galaxies. The confusion is: Looking at the
whole ting from the Big-Bang-Bluff-point of view and looking at
something new as a cyclic stage that happens all the time)
This research is reported in the online bulletin astro-ph.
Using the Keck Telescope in Hawaii, Cooke detected LBG-2377 while
looking for single galaxies. At first, it appeared to be a bright,
single object. But after analyzing the wavelengths of its light
(galaxies emit light with telltale colors) he discovered it was three
galaxies merging together, and likely two additional smaller galaxies.(They
are NOT merging, they are moving away from each other - old Galaxies
could eventually merge, but NOT young! If so, the famous Gravity should
never have letting the Stuff away in the first place!)
Scientists use light to look back in time. Because light takes a
measurable amount of time to travel, detecting it on Earth today allows
scientists to view the source as it was billions of years ago. In the
case of LBG-2377, scientists believe the light has been traveling for
11.4 billion years, beginning just a few billion years after the Big
Bang when the universe was only 15 percent of its current age. By
comparison, the Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.
The
process of galaxy formation largely is a mystery. Current theory is that
large galaxies formed over time from the interaction and merging of
smaller galaxies. This process began more than 12 billion years ago,
shortly after the Big Bang. Scientists have observed galaxies merging
over a large range of distances and time, providing hard evidence to
reinforce the theory. However, using current technology, it is difficult
to detect this process at the most extreme distances, when galaxy
formation was in its infancy.
Scientists believe galaxy clusters form in a similar manner. As galaxies
congregate and interact in large, dense regions of space, the cluster
grows with time. Witnessing this process first-hand helps scientists
confirm their theory and deepen their understanding of the universe.
Galaxy clusters can be detected at extreme distances with current
technology because they are bright, but they are difficult to find.
Clusters closer to Earth contain upwards of 1,000 galaxies. Our Milky
Way galaxy belongs to a lesser grouping of galaxies called the Local
Group, which contains more than 35 galaxies, but only a few bright ones.
“We
believe LBG-2377 is a seed that eventually will grow into a massive
galaxy cluster,” said James Bullock, director of the Center for
Cosmology at UCI and a study co-author.
“Our finding suggests that this is a monster structure being born in a
very bright, catastrophic event with a lot of gas and matter collapsing
at once,” Bullock said. “We are not just seeing one solitary galaxy. We
are seeing a bunch of bright galaxies coming together at the dawn of
structure formation in the universe.”
Scientists Elizabeth
Barton and Kyle Stewart of UCI, along with Arthur Wolfe of the
University of California, San Diego, worked on this study. The research
was funded by a Gary McCue Postdoctoral Fellowship and the National
Science Foundation.
About the University of California, Irvine: The University of
California, Irvine is a top-ranked university dedicated to research,
scholarship and community service. Founded in 1965, UCI is among the
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undergraduate and graduate students, and nearly 2,000 faculty members.
The third-largest employer in dynamic Orange County, UCI contributes an
annual economic impact of $3.6 billion. For more UCI news, visit
www.today.uci.edu.
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interviews with its faculty and experts. The use of this line is
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availability and approval by the university.
Found! Oldest galaxy pile-up
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/04/09/2211965.htm?site=science&topic=latest&listaction=unsubscribe
Larry
O'Hanlon
Discovery News
Galaxies gather in growing groups over time, like these two galaxies
interacting. Some of these groups merge to form giant galaxies
(Source:
University
of California Irvine)
Related Stories
Astronomers have
discovered the most distant galactic collisions yet, a cluster of early
galaxies caught merging into one giant galaxy when the universe was just
a toddler.
Rubbish! A cloud has been hit by a Cosmic
Explosion and the Cloud is on the way to be SPLIT UP in 2 parts and
thereby creating 2 separate Galaxies!
The galactic
'proto-cluster', named LBG-2377, is a whopping 11.4 billion light-years
away and in the past.
It provides a
window into a time well after the universe inflated and spread matter
far and wide.
But it was
still a time when all of that matter was coalescing to make the clusters
and super-clusters of galaxies that collectively create the cobwebby
structure of matter in the modern universe.
The team used
the volcano-top
Keck Telescope
in Hawaii to capture the image of the galaxies in the act of coming
together at about two billion years after the Big Bang.
The discovery
was originally part of a broader survey of distant galaxies.
"This
particular system showed up as a particularly bright one," says Dr Jeff
Cooke, a postdoctoral researcher at the
University of California at Irvine
(UCI).
Cooke and his
colleagues publish their discovery in the online astrophysics bulletin
astro-ph, accessible via the
arXiv
website.
To be so
bright at such a distance, LBG-2377 must be about 10 times the mass of
the Milky Way, say the researchers.
They gleaned
the number of galaxies involved in the merger from LBG-2377's spectra of
light, which contain multiple galactic signals.
Equally
important is the fact that the galaxies have been caught in the act of
firing up loads of young stars that are very bright in ultraviolet
light.
"It wasn't at
all what I expected," Cooke says. "The event is so violent and
catastrophic and they are creating so many new stars" that it shines far
brighter than any other galaxies or clusters of galaxies at such a
distance.
"It's
definitely the furthest merging galaxy cluster."
How do galaxy's cluster?
Scientists
think all galaxy clusters form in the same way; they gather in growing
groups over time and sometimes merge to form giant galaxies.
Watching this
happen at all ages of the universe helps to test theories of how the
universe evolved.
Galaxy
clusters closer to earth can contain more than 1000 galaxies. Our own
galaxy belongs to what's called the Local Group, which contains at least
35 galaxies, most of which are very dim.
"We believe
LBG-2377 is a seed that eventually will grow into a massive galaxy
cluster," says Assistant Professor James Bullock, one of the study's
co-authors and the director of the Center for Cosmology at UCI.
Eager to learn more
Other
astronomers agree and are anxious to learn more about LBG-2377.
"It's very
rare," says astronomer Alice Shapley, an assistant professor at
Princeton University.
"If you look
at the spectra of this object and its picture it breaks up into a lot of
pieces."
But looking
at LBG-2377 in UV and visible light is not telling the whole story,
Shapley says.
To properly
compare this ancient merger to modern mergers and galaxies, scientists
need to study it in other wavelengths.
This way the
light of older stars, which don't emit much UV light, can also be
accounted for.
"It will be
interesting to use the Hubble Space Telescope to look at it," says
Shapley.
Tags:
the-universe,
physics
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Found!
Oldest galaxy
pile-up.
Rivers Of Gas Flow Around Stars
(Not really: Rivers of Gas and Dust
Creates Stars!)
by Staff Writers
Los Angeles CA (SPX) Dec 09, 2008
A new image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope shows a
turbulent star-forming region, where rivers of gas and stellar winds are
eroding thickets of dusty material.
The growth of this cavity pushes gas up against winds from other massive
stars, causing "smiley-faced" bow shocks - three of which can be seen in
the new picture. The direction of the bow shocks tells researchers
exactly which way the "wind is blowing."
That's right! A cloud is PUSHED
by a Cosmic Explosion! Bravo!
The picture provides some of the best examples yet of the
ripples of gas, or bow shocks, that can form around stars in choppy
cosmic waters.
"The stars are like rocks in a rushing river," said Matt
Povich of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. "Powerful winds from the
most massive stars at the center of the cloud produce a large flow of
expanding gas. This gas then piles up with dust in front of winds from
other massive stars that are pushing back against the flow."
Precisely!
Povich is lead author of a paper describing the new
findings in the Dec. 10 issue of the Astrophysical Journal. Dominating
the center of the Swan is a group of massive stars, some exceeding 40
times the mass of our sun.
These central stars are 100,000 to one million times as
bright as the sun, and roar with radiation and fierce winds made of
charged particles that speed along at up to 7.2 kilometers per hour (4.5
million miles per hour). Both the wind and radiation carve out a deep
cavity at the center of the picture - an ongoing process thought to
trigger the birth of new stars.
YES!
The growth of this cavity pushes gas up against winds
from other massive stars, causing "smiley-faced" bow shocks - three of
which can be seen in the new picture. The direction of the bow shocks
tells researchers exactly which way the "wind is blowing."
"The bow shocks are like interstellar weather vanes,
indicating the direction of the stellar winds in the nebula," said
Povich.
Povich and his colleagues also used Spitzer to take an
infrared picture of a star-forming region called RCW 49. Both
photographs are described in the same Astrophysical Journal paper, and
both provide the first examples of multiple bow shocks around the
massive stars of star-forming regions.
Spitzer was able to spot the bow shocks because its
infrared eyes can pierce intervening dust, and because it can photograph
large swaths of sky quickly.
Ultimately, the new observations will help researchers
understand how solar systems like our own are able to form and persist
in the rough, celestial seas of space.
"The gas being lit up in these star-forming regions looks
very wispy and fragile, but looks can be deceiving," said co-author
Robert Benjamin of the University of Wisconsin, Whitewater.
"These bow shocks serve as a reminder that stars aren't
born in quiet nurseries but in violent regions buffeted by winds more
powerful than anything we see on Earth."
Dark matter sure is a fast mover
Monday, 13
February 2006 Marilyn Head
ABC
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/02/13/1567144.htm
The galaxy cluster Abell 2029 is composed of thousands of galaxies,
shown in this xray image, and an amount of dark matter equivalent to
more than a hundred trillion Suns (Image: NASA/CXC/UCI/A Lewis et al)
Related Stories
Dark matter particles are zooming around the universe a million times
faster than anyone predicted, UK astronomers say.
They've calculated that this mysterious substance, which governs how
stars and galaxies move, is moving at a speedy 9 kilometres per second.
The
University of Cambridge
researchers have also worked out how dark matter likes to clump together
and surprising details of how hot it is, data essential in modelling how
galaxies form.
A preliminary report is available on
arXiv,
the online website operated by
Cornell University.
Dark matter is mysterious because it doesn't emit radiation, making it
difficult to spot. Indeed, no-one has detected it and not all scientists
are convinced it exists.
"The best evidence for dark matter is that there are stars in our sky,"
says Professor Gilmore, director of the
Institute of Astronomy
at Cambridge, which made the latest calculations.
"Without it they'd be flying off into space."
Dark matter is the mass needed to hold stars in their given places as
they move around galaxies; the faster they move the more mass is needed.
"Kepler and Newton were able to weigh the Sun just by knowing where
Earth was and how fast it was moving," says Gilmore.
"We did the same thing, only in three dimensions, finding the 'weight'
of dark matter by measuring the place and speed of a very large number
stars in several dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way."
Hanging out in clumps
The results were surprising. Aside from their speed, the researchers
calculated the smallest clump of dark matter that could exist, 1000
light-years across.
These results imply that dark matter is hotter than predicted, meaning
that what astronomers call 'cold' dark matter may not be so cold after
all.
At 10,000°C it's still cool by astronomical standards. But it's warm
enough to solve two problems that have plagued standard models of how
galaxies form: that there are too few dwarf galaxies and why dark matter
has not concentrated in the centre of galaxies.
Gilmore says he was initially wary of the results, which together seemed
too simple to be plausible.
The discovery of a super-dim galaxy by Dr Beth Willman from
New York University,
gave the team an opportunity to successfully test its predictions.
Tags:
science-and-technology,
astronomy-space,
physics
Dark matter may be an illusion
Wednesday, 23 July 2003 Wilson da Silva
ABC
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2003/07/23/908651.htm
A map of the galaxy cluster CL0024+1654: dark matter appears as a halo
in blue, while visible matter is in red (ESA-NASA)
Related Stories
Dark matter, the clumps of invisible mass between the stars, may be an
illusion - if you tweak the laws of physics slightly, an international
meeting of astronomers heard today.
After decades of searching for these elusive intergalactic phantoms,
thought to account for 80% of all matter in the universe, there are
still problems with theories that describe it and some of these conflict
with observations, the
25th General Assembly of the International
Astronomical Union
in Sydney was told.
"The existence of missing mass in the universe is undeniable - if you
think Newton's fundamental laws apply," said Dr Jerry Sellwood, an
astrophysicist at
Rutgers University
in New Jersey, USA. But if Isaac Newton was slightly mistaken when he
formulated laws governing gravitation and inertia in 1687, dark matter
would disappear altogether, he said.
If at very weak accelerations, objects do not slow down quite as rapidly
as Newton's inverse square law of gravity predicts, then a lot of the
data suggesting dark matter exists could be dismissed, Sellwood told ABC
Science Online: "A tiny change like that would allow us to explain what
we see, without needing dark matter. And it would not be inconsistent
with any experiment to date."
Alternatively, a small change in the law of inertia would do it. "If the
acceleration of a particle in response to applied force - when you get
down to extremely small forces - experiences a slightly larger
acceleration than you would have expected, then that does it too," he
said.
Either change would not upset our understanding of physics, but would
explain away observations that suggest the existence of dark matter -
although Sellwood agreed that changing Newton's laws was "a radical
suggestion".
For decades, astronomers have known that there was more matter in the
universe than could be seen with telescopes. Clusters of galaxies - and
even star and gases within galaxies - have been observed behaving as if
they were under the gravitational pull of large objects nearby objects
... objects which do not show up on telescopes.
Whatever dark matter is - and it may be several things - it does not
shine brightly, either in visible light, X-rays or at any other
wavelengths. Astronomers have detected what appears to be one type of
dark matter in a kind of halo around our own galaxy - large chunks of
loose interstellar rubble known as MACHOS, or massive compact halo
objects.
But there are problems with theories that try to explain dark matter,
Sellwood said. If dark matter exists, it should be distributed randomly
around a galaxy or a cluster of galaxies: its amount should not be
dependent on the amount of visible matter present. But in all cases
where it has been reliably detected, dark matter seems to closely shadow
its visible companions.
"Light distribution seems to be a very good predictor of the mass of a
galaxy, which is not what you expect to see," said Sellwood. "The
[total] mass that you get is a much larger number than you would have
guessed from visible light - but the extra mass is a pretty much related
to the amount that's visible.
"This is very puzzling," he added. "I think it's very difficult to
explain this in dark mater models, but it may not be impossible. There
is no known explanation ... it may require a much deeper understanding
than we have of the way galaxies form."
Tags:
science-and-technology,
astronomy-space,
physics
Biggest web of dark matter found
Friday, 22
February 2008
ABC/AFP
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/02/22/2170157.htm
Cosmologists have found the largest web of dark matter so far. Their
find supports the idea that galaxies and clusters of galaxies are
embedded in giant filamentous structures of dark matter to form a
'cosmic web' (Source: iStockphoto)
Related Stories
The largest-ever structure of the enigmatic substance known as dark
matter has been mapped by international astronomers who peered deep into
the universe.
They detected a web of matter spanning 270 million light-years, or more
than 2000 times the size of the Milky Way.
"The results are a major leap forward since the presence of a cosmic
dark matter web that extends over such large distances has never been
observed before," says Ludovic Van Waerbeke, an assistant professor at
Canada's
University of British Columbia,
who took part in the research.
Around a fifth of the universe is believed to consist of dark matter,
spreading out in mysterious filaments, sheets and clusters.
But with present technology, it cannot be seen directly; researchers
study it indirectly, through the gravitational pull it exerts on light.
The 19-member observational team drew up the map from images provided by
the
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
in Hawaii.
The images were captured by the telescope's 340 megapixel digital
camera, the largest available to astronomers in the world.
Their technique is based on weak gravitational lensing, a phenomenon
predicted by Einstein under which light from distant galaxies is
deflected by dark matter as it travels through the cosmos to us.
The work, to be published in the journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics,
confirms theories about the massive extent of dark-matter structures and
the lensing technique, the researchers say.
"The size of the structure we measured corresponds to the limits of our
current observational capacity," says Dr Martin Kilbinger of the
Paris Institute of Astrophysics.
"In reality, these structures are probably even bigger."
The researchers say their results confirm what's known as the 'cold dark
matter' paradigm.
This predicts that galaxies and clusters of galaxies are embedded in
giant filamentous structures of dark matter to form a 'cosmic web'.
Tags:
telescopes,
the-universe,
physics
An ancient subatomic signature
extends across the universe. It
seems that some subatomic particles,
invisible and untouchable effects of
the very creation of reality, might
exist simultaneously across all of
space. We're honestly surprised
people who say science is boring
don't spontaneously combust from the
foolishness of their statements.
"Relic" neutrinos, like the relic
photons that make up the cosmic
microwave background, are leftovers
from the hot, dense early universe
that prevailed 13.7 billion years
ago. But over the lifetime of the
cosmos, these relic neutrinos have
been stretched out by the expansion
of the universe, enlarging the range
in which each neutrino can exist.
Of course there's a little bit of
physics involved when you talk about
particles pouring out of the
beginning of time. Neutrinos are
tiny, almost undetectable neutral
particles which stream through
pretty much everything, ever. Over
one hundred trillion have passed
through you while reading this
sentence. Most of those came from
nuclear reactions, but a blast wave
of neutrinos were also released
shortly after the big bang and are,
we presume, still going strong.
"We're talking maybe up to roughly
ten billion light-years" for each
neutrino, said study co-author
George Fuller of the University of
California, San Diego. "That's
nearly on the order of the size of
the observable universe." These
oldest of the subatomic particles
might each encompass a space larger
than thousands of galaxies, new
simulations suggest.
While trying to calculate masses
for neutrinos, Fuller and his
student Chad Kishimoto found that,
as the universe has expanded, the
fabric of space-time has been
tugging at ancient neutrinos,
stretching the particles' ranges
over vast distances.
Such large ranges can remain
intact, the scientists suggest in
the May 22 issue of Physical Review
Letters, since neutrinos pass right
through most of the universe's
matter. The big question is whether
gravity—say, the pull from an entire
galaxy—can force a meganeutrino to
collapse down to a single location.
"Quantum mechanics was intended
to describe the universe on the
smallest of scales, and now here
we're talking about how it works on
the largest scales in the universe,"
Kishimoto said. "We're talking about
physics that hasn't been explored
before."
According to physicist Adrian Lee
at the University of California,
Berkeley, who was not part of the
study team, "gravity is a real
frontier these days that we don't
really understand. "These neutrinos
could be a path to something deeper
in our understanding with gravity."
Although they should be
extraordinarily common in the
universe, the relic neutrinos now
have only about one ten-billionth of
the energy of neutrinos generated by
the sun. "This makes relic neutrinos
near impossible to detect directly,
at least with anything one could
build on Earth," study co-author
Fuller said.
Still, the fact that there are so
many relic neutrinos means that
together they likely exert a
significant gravitational
pull—"enough to be important for how
the universe as a whole behaves,"
Fuller added. "So by looking at the
growth of structures in the
universe," Fuller said, "you might
be able to detect relic neutrinos
indirectly by their gravity."
The second part of this
crash-course in cosmologically
relevant physics is quantum theory.
Particles can be "spread out" as a
wavefunction - a representation of
possible states - until they're
observed and the wave collapses into
a single fact. While that
explanation is so horrifically
simplified it would make a quantum
scientists eyes bleed, it's good
enough for now. The wavefunction of
relic neutrinos from the big bang is
on the length scale of the universe
itself. They literally are sort of
everywhere, because the only thing
which can "observe" them is gigantic
black holes or galaxies.
It's astonishing stuff, not just for
the cosmo-experts but the casual
fan. Because even trying to wrap
your mind around such concepts is
like a gym for your brain, and a
booster for your sense of awe.
Posted by Luke McKinney with
Casey Kazan.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227115.800-stretched-neutrinos-could-span-the-universe.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=cosmology
http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PRLTAO000102000020201303000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes.
http://physicalsciences.ucsd.edu/news/archives/archive_detail.php?clip_id=381
Will Einstein's Laws Apply Beyond Our Universe? A
World-Leading Expert Says "No"
Chris
Knight, the finest fictional physicist of our time, once said "All
science. No Philosophy. Wrong." It's true that an understanding of
existence outside of equations is vital for scientists, both in terms of
enjoying life and avoiding things like Agent Orange, but beware careless
combination of the two. A science/philosophy mixture can lead to
metaphysical claims that the laws of physics are nothing but local
zoning ordinances, as demonstrated by Lee Smolin.
Smolin is author of "the fecund universes theory" of cosmology which
suggests that the rules of biology apply on the grandest scales, and is
often referred to as "cosmological natural selection". Smolin summarized
the idea in his book, The Life of the Cosmos.
The theory surmises that a collapsing black hole causes the emergence of
a new universe on the "other side", whose fundamental constant
parameters (speed of light, Planck length and so forth) may differ
slightly from those of the universe where the black hole collapsed. Each
universe therefore gives rise to as many new universes as it has black
holes.
The Perimeter Institute theoretical physicist got together with
philosopher Roberto Unger and arrived at three radically new
conclusions. The first is that there is only one universe - the idea of
a multiverse might be awesome science fiction, and essential to the
slightly less credible string theory, but there's no reason to base your
worldview on worlds where the Nazis won or the universal constant of
gravitation has a different value.
The second idea is that time is real. Remember when you read that first
sentence? Okay, you agree with us - this is one of those discussions
that takes place at a level regular humans don't argue at. Some say
that all of existence is a crystal of reality that we happen to move
through, Dr Manhattan style, which is wonderfully imaginative but
displays incredible cognitive disconnection. Even speaking the words
aloud demonstrates the passage of time, and most arguments beyond that
depend on bringing the debate to an extremely specific linguistic field
of hyper-definitions that the opponent hasn't wasted their life
learning, and will therefore "lose" at. Luckily for us, Lee agrees that
time actually exists and we can move on to the real problem: the idea of
physics as local rules.
His argument that physics can change over time and space is apparently
based on an extremely specific strawman argument which depends on
separating experimental procedure into initial conditions and laws. He
says you can only arrive at laws by examining a large "configuration
space" of possible setups. In the lab you can set up a large number of
tests, in cosmology you can look at a wide variety of situations, so in
both you can arrive at laws. His argument is that since you can't
actually rearrange the stars themselves to set up different initial
conditions in each place, you can't make conclusions about the physical
laws there. He uses many, many more words to describe this idea.
It's all very intellectually stimulating, but mainly demonstrates the
difference between metaphysics and useful physics. If you're going to
claim that general relativity stops working beyond some sort of
interstate-of-existence line, the burden of proof is on you to show
that's the case - and strawman arguments on the nature of
experimentation aren't going to cut it. You can say that the plank
constant is a variable over time and space, but when we want to build an
bridge or a fusion reactor we're going to stick with our silly,
provincial, non-new-book-publishing "actual physics." And that's the
difference.
Posted by Luke McKinney
Comments
No, Einstein Law does not apply beyond our Universe.
Posted by:
Anirudh Kumar Satsangi
|
June 08, 2009 at 03:17 AM
Laws? Theories.
Posted by: robert |
June 08, 2009 at 01:14 PM
Yes, it's doesn't not unapply.
Posted by: PJ |
June 08, 2009 at 02:00 PM
Or maybe the formula was wrong....Please see
www.h2liftship.com
for a correction
Posted by:
BobF
|
June 08, 2009 at 04:08 PM
Science fail, religion win: "It's true that an understanding of
existence outside of equations is vital for scientists".
Never returning to this website.
Posted by: Lukasz |
June 08, 2009 at 04:23 PM
Fully agree. What to say of other Universes, even our own Universe at or
closer to its birth through Big bang, may not be describes by the laws
and constants of hysics worked out in the past 500 years or so. The
velocity of light for example is expected to be higher, say 50-60 times
here than its accepted value. Our Eistein's and other laws all assume a
smooth space and time continuum. If there are wide fluctuations or
distortions in it, as are well needed to generate mass/energy, the laws
won't hold then. Also, if today, we generate a powerful technological
system in a space vehicle which can condense space in front and expand
space behind, that vehicle can well try far faster than the speed of
light!! Easy said than done, but certainly possible some day in the
future. Only than the infinite space/universe will become meanigful for
us, not just to watch but to enjoy travelling in!!
Posted by: Narendra Nath |
June 08, 2009 at 07:25 PM
BobF said:
"Science fail, religion win: "It's true that an understanding of
existence outside of equations is vital for scientists".
Never returning to this website."
______________________________________________________________________
I don't see that quote as religious, at least not directly. It's more
general than that. And an understanding of things outside of equations
is important for science.
I can only hope you never return...
Posted by: Themidnightjudge |
June 08, 2009 at 08:55 PM
Providence has located within the human body a special spiritual
faculty, and it is the exclusive function of religion to teach man all
about that faculty. When that faculty is developed in us like our
physical and mental faculties, we shall be able to perceive Truth and
realize Ultimate Reality in the same manner as we now perceive and
realize the Sun with our physical eyes. And when this takes place, you
will be both astonished and amused to find that Truth – the goal of
science, Ultimate Reality – the goal of philosophy and God – the goal of
religion, are but three names of the same Supreme Essence. (Excerpts
from Convocation Address to Graduates of Agra University delivered by
His Holiness Sir Anand Sarup alias Sahabji Maharaj, Fifth Spiritual Head
of Radhasoami Faith, on November 23, 1935).
Practice of meditation can help to enlighten us in this regard.
Posted by:
Anirudh Kumar Satsangi
|
June 09, 2009 at 12:49 AM
EXCUSE ME!
Does the "Einstein Laws" apply in our own part of the Universe?
- I aggree on the "religious views" when it comes to getting knowledge
of the Universe. NOT the dogmatic religious part though, but on the
Mythological part of the story of Creation, which is far more
understandable than modern science - if you can interpret the tellings
and the symbols in to the modern Cosmology and Astronomy.
- In my opinion, the whole thing is far more simple but modern scientist
have made it complex by adding their strange hypothesis and equations in
order to get "the damn thing working".
For thousands and thousands of years humans all over the world have
gathered wisdom of both the Heavens and the Earth and it is somewhat
ignorant to mean that few hundred years of modern science can give us
some real new knowledge of Cosmos. Especially if the moderne science is
working with "laws that does´nt apply".
Natural Philosopher Ivar Nielsen - www.native-science.net and
www.cosmology-unified.net
Posted by:
Ivar Nielsen
|
June 09, 2009 at 04:13 AM
The comments of Natural Philosopher, Nielson and the previous to it of
Mr. Satsanghi are of significance. My earlier comments of yesterday
evening, all these indicate that there is a need for science to bridge
the gap with spirituality (not necessarily the practiced religions).
Surely we can hope to reach to better and better relative truths about
the universe. Absolute truth may better be left out of the picture as it
well may be not interesting for any human mind!
Posted by: Narendra Nath |
June 09, 2009 at 05:24 AM
The so-called spiritualism is just the figment of imagination and subtle
self-deception by confused minds. It is also a psychological escape by
people who suffer from a sense of inadequacy and hence yearn to dominate
others with mystical verbosity.
Rajnilu
http://rewiringthebrain.net/
Posted by:
rajnilu
|
June 09, 2009 at 08:38 AM
@rajnilu,
How is it that you can have the brain as your claimed speciality, and
still not believe in the spiritual brain capacity?
Maybe there is some brian-rewiring left for you to do in this matter?
Natural Philosopher Ivar Nielsen - www.native-science.net and
www.cosmology-unified.net
Posted by:
Ivar Nielsen
|
June 09, 2009 at 12:14 PM
We shall see!?! In the fullness of time. Having an open mind allows me
to wonder, and perhaps, standing upon the shoulders of others, fully
accept that there is no 100% certainty in either position. Which leaves
it all open to further examination and interpretation.
Perhaps there are better reasons than we can imagine why NOTHING has
ever been proven with 100% certainty, like we're not yet 'ready' to
know.
Posted by: Jay Clark |
June 09, 2009 at 02:43 PM
I have a great deal of respect for Smolin and like his take on black
holes being the generator of new universes but have a problem with his
revised take that we only have one. Reason, Thomas Young's elegant
double slit experiment showing the duality of light. When this is
examined, Hugh Everett's many worlds interpretation gives a logical
explanation as to what is going on, something that must be accounted for
in Smolin's new theory. Explain many worlds and quantum theory away and
Smolin's notion has legs, if not, Leo may have to rethink this one in a
very big way.
http://physics.about.com/od/lightoptics/a/doubleslit.htm
No doubt, it was the most beautiful experiment ever.
Posted by:
remoran
|
June 09, 2009 at 05:07 PM
Time does not exist. The word 'time' is simply a convention that human
beings use in referring to the phenomenon of change.
Posted by: Robert |
June 09, 2009 at 06:27 PM
When the meditators proceed spiritual journey internally, various levels
of cosmic consciousness they witness are described in Hidayatnama (Sar
Bachan) by His Holiness Soamiji Maharaj. Its English version is
reproduced below:
HIDAYATNAMA By His Holiness Soamiji Maharaj (1818-1878), Founder of
Radhasoami Faith
(ESOTERIC ..INSTRUCTIONS)
‘REVELATION GIVEN OUT IN THE COURSE OF TEACHINGS IMPARTED ABOUT THE
VALUE OF ASSOCIATION WITH, AND SERVICE OF, THE PERFECT GUIDE, AND ABOUT
THE DIFFERENT GRADES OF ADEPTS, AND INSTRUCTIONS ABOUT THE PRACTICE OF
SHABD, AND THE SECRETS OF SHABD MARG (YOGA), AND THE VARIOUS STAGES
ASSOCIATEDWITH IT.
This discourse is meant for those who are desirous of finding the
Supreme Being, and who are true seekers and want to know which religion
is the highest and what path is the most sure and direct. They should
minimise their worldly attachments. In other words, leaving the care for
wealth, wife and children to fate, they should give paramount importance
to the company of saintly persons. And out of saintly persons, the
company of that Adept should be adopted who is a practitioner of Surat
Shabd or of Drisht; (sight), that is to say, who is conversant with the
technique of the Yoga of Surat Shabd, has perfected the practice of
withdrawing the spirit currents from the pupils of the two eyes, and of
uniting them ; and who performs the practice of raising the spirit, by
hearing, internally, celestial sounds.
In case an Adept of this class is not available, they should search out
one who performs the practice of `striking the solar plexus with Name’
(repeating the Holy Name in a particular manner at the heart centre), or
one who performs the practice of ‘breath control’.
The company of such a person would: also purify the heart, curb evil
propensities and confer some inner joy. But the ascension of the spirit
can be achieved through the practice of Surat Shabd Yoga alone.
It behoves the seeker to develop love and devotion for such a personge,
to perform His service with zeal, to solicit His attention and kindness
by rendering service of all kinds with body, mind and wealth, and to
gaze at His eyes continuously for an hour or two, without letting the
eye-lids close, as long as possible.
The duration of this practice should be prolonged day by day. Whenever
He casts His benign gaze on you, your heart will be purified. When, in
His grace, He initiates you into the secrets and methods of the practice
referred to above, your spirit will begin to catch hold of the celestial
sounds. You should perform this practice daily, twice,,four times or as
many times as you find time. If your mind gives rise to delusions and
wanderings, prayers should be offered to Sant Sat Guru and the practice
should be performed with greater effort. Guru’s kindness and your
application would certainly result in progress day by day. It is not
proper to be hasty or impatient, because haste makes waste, and is
characteristic of the devil.
Whatever is achieved gradually is beneficial, and what ever is acquired
pronto does not last, because such an acquisition is the gift of Satan.
Whatever is obtained from the Merciful Guru endures. All this refers to
external modes of devotion. The inner state and the stages to which
Sants have access are described below.
When your eye turns inward in the brain and you see the firmament
within, and your spirit leaves the body and rises upward, you will see
the Akash in which is located Sahas-dal-kanwal, the thousand petals of
which perform the various functions pertaining to the three worlds. Its
effulgence will exhilarate your spirit. You will at that stage, witness
Niranjan, the lord of three worlds. Several religions which attained
this stage and took the deity hereof to be the lord of all, were duped.
Seeing the light and refulgence of this region they felt satiated. Their
progress was stopped. They did not find the guide to higher regions.
Hence they could not proceed further.
At the apex of this Akash, there is a passage which is very small like
the eye of a needle. Your Surat (spirit) should penetrate this eye.
Further on, there is Banknal, the crooked path, which goes straight and
then downward and again upwards. Beyond this passage comes the second
stage.
Trikuti (Region having three prominences) is situated here. It is one
Lakhi Yojan2 in length and one Lakh Yojan in width. There are numerous
varieties of glories and spectacles at that plane which are difficult to
describe. Thousands of suns and moons look pale in comparison to the
light there. All the time, melodious sounds of Ong Ong and Hoo Hoo, and
the sounds resembling thunder of clouds, reverberate there. On attaining
this region, the spirit becomes very happy, and purified and subtle.
From here onward, it becomes cognizant of the spiritual regions.
After having enjoyed the bliss of this region for some time, the spirit
goes up one crorel Yojans and reaches Sunn, the third stage. Mohammedan
Fagirs (Saints) bare called it “Lahoot.” It is indescribable. Here, the
spirits enjoy great beatitude. The refulgence of this region is twelve
times that of Trikuti.
Pure pools of ambrosia, called . “Mansarovar”, abound here. There are
innumerable flower pots and gardens. Spirits,, like beauties, dance at
various places. There are pleasing and sweet victuals, all savoury and
fresh, and sonorous and musical strains can be heard every where. All
this bliss can be experienced by the spirit only when it reaches there.
It cannot be described. At every place, fountains of nectar are at play;
in other words, pools of nectar are overflowing and streams of nectar
are gushing out. How can one describe the splendour and decoration of
this region ? There are platforms of diamonds, beds of emeralds and
plants of jewels, all studded with rubies and precious stones.
Bejewelled fish, swimming in pools there, display their beauty and
ornamentation and their glitter and sheen attract attention. Beyond
this, there are innumerable palaces of caystals and mirrors, in which
spirit enities reside at their respective spots, as allocated by the
Lord. They witness and exhibit ever changing revels. In Hindi, they have
been described as “Hansa Mandlies”. The decoration and embellishment of
these regions can be appreciated only by seeing them. The entire
creation there is purely spiritual. It is Free from material
constituents. The denizens, there, are spiritual and free from
physical taints. Full particulars of these regions are known only to
Sants. It is not meet to describe them in greater detail.
Having sojourned there and having enjoyed the glory thereof for a very
long time, the spirit of ` this Faqir moved on, in accordance with the
instructions of the Guides. After traversing five arab and seventy-five
crore yojans upward, the spirit entity effected ingress into the bounds
of Hahoot and witnessed the panorama of that region. There an expanse of
ten Neel is enveloped in darkness.
The depth of this dark region cannot be fathomed. The spirit went down
one kharao yojans, still the bottom was nowhere to be found. Then the
spirit turned upward and proceeded on the path chalked out by Guru. It
was not considered advisable to go down right to the bottom of this
region I his region is called Maha-sunn There are four extremely subtle
sub-regions there, the secrets whereof have not been revealed by any
Sant. There are prison cells for the condemned spirits, ejected from the
court of the True Supreme Being. Although these spirits are not
subjected to any trouble and they perform their functions by their own
light, yet, as they do not get the Darshan of the Lord, they are
restless. However, there is a way of their remission also. Whenever
Sants happen to pass that way with spirits reclaimed from the lower
regions, some of these spirits fortunately get Their Darshan. Such
spirits go along with the Sants who very gladly take them to the court
of the Lord and get them pardoned.
The spirit, thereafter, went to Hootal Hoot, which, in Hindi, has been
described as Bhanwargupha. There is a rotating swing here which is all
the time in subtle motion, and the spirits ever swing on it. All round,
there are innumerable spiritual islands from which the sounds of “Sohang
Sohang” and “Anahoo Anahoo” rise all the time. Spirit entities playfully
and rapturously enjoy these sounds. Other characteristics of this region
cannot be reduced to writing, as they can be realized by the spirit only
when it reaches there by performing Abhyas. Hence it is necessary to
continue the practice of this mode of devotion and it is called the
Shabd (sound) practice. Do not give it up.
Having witnessed the spectacle of this region, the spirit entity
proceeded upward and went on ascending. Whiffs of scents of various
kinds and sweet fragrance of sandal were enjoyed by the spirit and the
melodies of flutes were heard, while it proceeded onward. On crossing
this plane, the spirit entity reached the outpost of Sat Lok, where
melodious sounds or “Sat Sat” and “Haq Haq” were heard coming out of the
Bin’. On hearing this, the spirit penetrated further rapturously.
There rose to view silver and golden streams full of nectar, and vast
gardens, each tree there of being one crore-Yojans in height. Crores of
suns and moons hang from them as flowers and fruits. Innumerable spirits
and Hansas sing, chatter and play on those reel like birds. The wondrous
beauty of this region 1s ineffable. While enjoying it, the spirit
entered Sat and came into the presence of Sat Purush.
Now as regards the glory of the person of Sat Purush, each hair of His
is so brilliant that crores of suns and moons look pale in comparison.
When such is the refulgence of each hair, how is it possible to describe
the glory of all His hair, and where are the words to describe the
beauty and glory of His entire person ? How can one describe His eyes,
nose, ears, face, hands and feet ? They are all nothing but refulgence ;
even to describe them as oceans of refulgence does not give even he
remotest idea.
The expanse of Sat Lok is one padam Palang, a palang being equal to
Triloki in vastness. Hence it is -difficult to imagine the stupendous
vastness of Sat Lok. here dwell spirit entities called Hansas who enjoy
the Darshan of Sat Purush, hear the music of the Bin and -partake of
ambrosial food.
After witnessing the glory of this region, the spirit proceeded to Alakh
Lok and got Darshan of Alakh -Purush. The expanse of this region is one
sankh, and each hair of Alakh Purush has the effulgence of arab kharab
(billions many times) suns.
Thereafter the spirit entity went on and attained Agam Lok, which is
Maha Sankh4 Palang in expanse and the magnitude of the person of Again
Purush equals crore Sankhs. The forms of Hansas of this region are
amazingly wondrous, and the state of ecstasy and bliss that obtains
there passes description. The spirit entity sojourned there for a long
time and, on going beyond, it got the Darshan of Radhasoami, that is,
Anami Purush, and merged in Him. Radhasoami Dham is boundless, infinite,
endless and immeasurable. It is the fm ma Nij Sthan, the special resting
place of Sants. (Fagirs). That region is the Ultima Thule of all Sants
and all speech and description end here. I also conclude here..
Posted by:
Anirudh Kumar Satsangi
|
June 09, 2009 at 10:30 PM
Einstein laws could apply beyond our uniiverse. We as humans cannot be
sure because we have not gone beyond this universe so we do no know. We
can only conudct more research.
Posted by: Genessa |
June 10, 2009 at 09:56 AM
Einstein's Law can not apply even in our Universe. It is full of
controversy. Einstein's law is purely based on his intuition and not on
any empirical study
Posted by:
Anirudh Kumar Satsangi |
June 10, 2009 at 10:20 PM
SCIENTIFIC AND INTUITIVE CONCEPTS.
As mentioned by Anirud Kumar Satsangi above, Einstein is supposed to
have used his intuition a great deal. By doing so, he looked at the
cosmos in an alternative way compared to the traditional scientists and
thereby he got some new ideas.
- It is my opinion that Einstein could have gone a long way, still using
his intuition, but he fell in the same black pit hole as the traditional
mathematicians in order to try to explain his intuitive ideas
mathematically. Thereby he got it all mixed up.
TIME is a linear measurement. Space is curved, it is stated. Time/space
or space/time concept therefore can not be true. Some light phenomenon
in space moves momentarily in seemingly straight lines, but most objects
in space are moving in spirals.
It is a general cosmic law when a straight force of cosmic light or rays
hits gas and matter, swirls is created. The light or ray is
bended/swirled in this process, creating the cosmic gas and matter to
swirl, heat up in the concentrated swirling, melt together and turn
itself inwards-outwards in larger spheres of gas and matter, thereby
creating stars and planets.
Everything in the Universe (Uni=One=1) moves and changes between in- and
outfolding spirals. If time is connected to a spiralling space that both
moves inwards and outwards, time cannot be linear. Either time is an
illusion or time goes both ways in the spiralling Universe.
The traditional cosmologists got it very wrong when connecting the
earthly linear time concept to macrocosmically movements. They confuse a
generally inwards and outwards spiralling movement with time and
therefore one also must doubt very much on the linear "big bang"
concept.
The inwards and outwards movement comes very clear when studying the
galaxies. All galaxies go either inwards or outwards in their movement,
depending of which actual state it is in the creation.
The movement in our own Milky Way galaxy goes outwards and therefore
there is no suction or "black hole" in the middle of our galaxy.
On the contrary, new stars are still born in the supposed "black hole"
that otherwise should suck everything in and away. And if one look
closely at the barred structure, one clearly can observe the outgoing
movement from the suddenly, explosively created bars going out from the
center and, because of the swirling movement, abruptly creating the
Milky Way arms in a 90 degree angle, moving further and further out from
the center.
Throughout thousands and thousands of years, our foremothers and
forefathers have gained intuitive and spiritual knowledge of life on
Earth and life in Heaven. Our common global Mythological stories of
Creation tell the very same story regarding our life in the Milky Way
galaxy.
"Once upon a time" everything was created "in the middle of nothing".
Out of darkness light was created. Stars and planets was created in the
middle. By the Tree of Life in the middle of our galaxy humans were
created in the middle of the garden.
Then, in order to describe the outwards movement from the center of our
galaxy, the story of the expulsion from Paradise is told, NOT because of
any wrong doings by the first to human beings, but just in order to
mythological/cosmological describe how things is created in our Milky
Way galaxy, moving out from the center.
That is, if right, our Solar system is born directly out from the center
of our galaxy and not out of a pre solar molecular disc that "suddenly
decided to collapse". Of course our Solar System have later on been
modified after leaving the center of the galaxy, but originally it was
created right out of the center - as everything else in our galaxy. A
mythological example of an Egypt symbol is shoving just this:
http://www.native-science.net/Cosmology.Final.Natural.htm
(Scroll down to: THE ANCIENT STORY OF CREATION IN THE MILKY WAY)
For more explanations, feel very welcome to visit my sites containing
subjects of alternative Mythology and alternative Cosmology:
www.native-science.net
www.cosmology-unified.net
Any feedback is welcome: nielsen.ivar(at)gmail.com
NB: Please bear over with my somewhat restricted English vocabulary.
Kind Regards from Natural Philosopher Ivar Nielsen, Denmark
Posted by:
Ivar Nielsen | June
11, 2009 at 02:05 AM
TOP
Posted by: o-dish-es | June 12, 2009 at 03:18 AM
Posted by: Bizrad | June 12, 2009 at 07:06 AM
Posted by: dirk alan | June 12, 2009 at 04:12 PM
Posted by: davakins | June 12, 2009 at 08:23 PM
Posted by: Simply Ridiculous | June 12, 2009 at 09:04 PM
Posted by: o-dish-es | June 12, 2009 at 10:24 PM
If so, they could pass through all of time & space & exist at all points.
Imagine a space drive that could harness this property, chemical rockets & even ion jets would be as primitive as chariots.
A star ship that could be anywhere in the universe at any time.
Infinite Improbability Drive, anyone ??
We could be looking at the bedrock, so to speak, of the universe as well as the glue binding it together.
Posted by: EvilCosmicMonkeyfrom Knoxville | June 13, 2009 at 01:26 AM
Posted by: pikestaff | June 13, 2009 at 01:37 AM
Posted by: Ted | June 13, 2009 at 05:22 PM
Posted by: Jonathan Ainsley Bain | June 13, 2009 at 10:47 PM
Ge, I wish!
I wish cosmological scientists to stop talking of "time" when dealing with the properties of the Universe, and the very same goes for the concept of "time/space" or "space/time". It is illogical!
The concept of "time" should really be "movement". And since movements in space can be anything from a direct linear force from an explosion to swirling concentrating and exploding masses, the linear concept of "time" is a complete non sense!
Therefore, the concept of "big bang" and "the age of the Universe", also is complete non sense. And also therefore, there is no "left over" background radiation from such a "big bang"
The "Cosmic Microwave Background-Radiation" did not start at any special stage of Creation. It is the eternal "soup" in which all creative movements have been taking place, are taking place, and always will take place in the Universe.
This cosmic soup is the omnipresent fluid in the Universal Cosmic Womb that gives birth to all life through the different forces and movements of infolding and outfolding creation in the Womb.
Just like the process when a sperm cell gives movement to an egg cell and a child is unfolded in it´s mothers womb and later on the mother unfolds the child into the World.
@pikestaff asked above: "Could these particles account for dark energy"? I think they very well could! In fact, I think they very well could account for both dark and light energy.
In my opinion, it is only a matter of having matter that not yet is lit up or accelerated by some explosive force. That is: The Universe is mostly filled by dark matter that not yet is lit up. Furthermore, all particles in the Universe have at least basically 2 properties, namely the "in rest" or "dark" and "as accelerated" or "lit up".
Natural Philosopher Ivar Nielsen, Denmark
www.cosmology-unified.net
nielsen.ivar(at)gmail.com
Posted by: Ivar Nielsen | June 14, 2009 at 02:07 AM